What is Bowen’s Disease?
Bowen’s disease, also known as squamous cell carcinoma in situ, is a type of precancerous skin lesion that primarily affects the outermost layer of the skin (epidermis). It is characterised by the presence of abnormal, rapidly dividing cells within the epidermis.
Symptoms of Bowen’s Disease
The most common symptom of Bowen’s disease is the presence of a red, scaly patch on the skin. This patch may initially appear small and flat but can gradually enlarge over time. It may also be accompanied by itching, tenderness, or bleeding.
Causes of Bowen’s Disease
The exact cause of Bowen’s disease is not fully understood, but several factors may contribute to its development. These include:
1. Sun Exposure: Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun is a significant risk factor for Bowen’s disease. Areas of the body that are frequently exposed to the sun, such as the face, neck, hands, and arms, are more susceptible to developing these lesions.
2. Age: Bowen’s disease is more common in older adults, particularly those over the age of 60. However, it can occur in individuals of any age.
3. Immune Suppression: Conditions or medications that weaken the immune system, such as organ transplantation or immunosuppressive drugs, may increase the risk of developing Bowen’s disease.
4. Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection: Certain strains of HPV, a common virus transmitted through sexual contact, have been associated with an increased risk of Bowen’s disease, particularly in genital areas.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosing Bowen’s disease typically involves a thorough examination of the affected skin and may require a skin biopsy to confirm the presence of abnormal cells. Once diagnosed, treatment options may include:
1. Topical Medications: In many cases, Bowen’s disease can be effectively treated with topical medications, such as topical chemotherapy creams or immunomodulators, which help to destroy abnormal cells and promote healing of the skin.
2. Cryotherapy: Cryotherapy involves freezing the affected area with liquid nitrogen to destroy abnormal cells. This procedure is commonly used for smaller lesions.
3. Surgical Excision: For larger or more advanced lesions, surgical excision may be necessary to remove the affected area of skin entirely. This procedure is usually performed under local anesthesia and may require sutures to close the wound.
4. Photodynamic Therapy (PDT): PDT involves applying a photosensitizing agent to the skin, which is then activated by light therapy. This treatment selectively targets and destroys abnormal cells while minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissue.
Prevention and Outlook
While Bowen’s disease can be effectively treated, prevention is key to reducing the risk of developing these lesions. This includes practicing sun safety measures such as wearing sunscreen, protective clothing, and avoiding prolonged sun exposure, especially during peak hours.
In conclusion, Bowen’s disease is a precancerous skin condition that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment by a qualified dermatologist. If you notice any unusual changes in your skin, such as red, scaly patches that do not heal, it’s essential to schedule a consultation with a dermatologist for a comprehensive evaluation.
At Southface Skin Clinic, our team of experienced dermatologists is dedicated to providing personalised care and treatment options tailored to your unique needs. Contact us on 01202 702827 to schedule an appointment and take the first step towards healthier, radiant skin.